In India determining child custody is a complex process that prioritizes the best interests of the child. The decision of who gains custody is influenced by several factors:

1. Best Interests of the Child: The paramount consideration in any child custody decision is the welfare and best interests of the child. Courts consider various factors such as the child's age, physical and emotional wellbeing, the child's own preferences (especially if they are old enough to express a reasoned preference), and the overall environment each parent can provide.
2. Age and Gender of the Child: Traditionally, young children (especially those under five years) and particularly female children are often placed in the custody of the mother, based on the presumption that mothers are generally the primary caregivers. However, this is not a strict rule, and the court's decision will ultimately focus on where the child’s welfare is best served.
3. Financial Stability of Parents: The economic stability of each parent is also a crucial factor. The court examines which parent is better equipped financially to provide for the child's education, healthcare, and other needs.
4. Mental and Physical Well-Being: The mental and physical health of each parent is considered, as this can significantly affect their ability to care for the child. A parent with serious health issues may not be favored for custody.
5. Parental Behavior: The court scrutinizes the behavior and moral conduct of the parents. Any history of abuse, neglect, or domestic violence can heavily influence the decision.
6. Guardianship: Under Hindu Law, the father is considered the natural guardian; however, this does not necessarily guarantee custody. The mother also has an equal right, and the child’s welfare is the overriding concern.
7. Joint Custody: Increasingly, courts in India are considering joint custody arrangements to ensure the child maintains a strong relationship with both parents. This doesn’t always mean equal time with each parent but rather shared responsibilities and decision-making.

Each case is unique and the Indian judiciary treats child custody cases with the sensitivity and seriousness they deserve. The court has the flexibility to consider any other factor it deems relevant to ensure that the child's welfare and interests are safeguarded. Legal advice from a qualified lawyer is recommended for specific cases, as they can provide guidance based on the intricacies of the legal system and the specifics of the case.

Following are some of the important questions you can ask from the Lawyer, when you are discussing about child custody with the Lawyer. 

1. What are the different types of child custody arrangements recognized by law, and which one might be best suited for my situation?
2. How does the court determine what is in the best interests of the child?
3. Based on my circumstances, what are the chances of obtaining sole or joint custody of my child?
4. What factors could negatively impact my case for child custody?
5. How does the process of a child custody case proceed in court, and what can I expect in terms of timeline and stages?
6. Are there any specific laws or recent legal precedents that may influence my child custody case?
7. How do the child’s own preferences play a role in the custody decision, and at what age are their preferences taken into account?
8. Can the custody arrangement be modified in the future, and under what circumstances?
9. What are my legal options if the other parent violates the custody agreement or court order?
10. How is child support determined, and how does it relate to the custody arrangement?
11. What steps can I take to strengthen my case for custody?
12. Are there any alternative dispute resolution options, like mediation, that we can explore before going to court?
13. What are the potential legal costs involved in a child custody case, and how are they typically handled?
14. How can I best communicate and negotiate with the other parent throughout this process?
15. What are the possible emotional and psychological impacts on the child during the custody case, and how can they be mitigated?
     

It's essential to be well-prepared and informed when dealing with such a sensitive and crucial issue. A good lawyer will not only answer these questions but also guide you through the legal process with empathy and expertise